Mines are not just massive engineering feats; they are gateways to the Earth’s hidden treasures and hold the promise of advancing economies and industries.  The largest mines in the world, spanning miles in depth and width, are marvels of human ingenuity and persistence.  These enormous excavations yield gold, diamonds, copper, coal, and other critical resources, fueling innovation and development worldwide.  Below, we explore the top 10 largest mines in the world, uncovering their colossal size, fascinating histories, and the stories of discovery that made them legendary.

#1: Bingham Canyon Mine (Kennecott Copper Mine) – 2.75 miles wide and 0.75 miles deep

Located in Utah, USA, the Bingham Canyon Mine is the largest man-made excavation in the world, spanning 2.75 miles in width and 0.75 miles in depth.  Owned by Rio Tinto, this open-pit mine has been operational since 1906 and primarily produces copper, along with gold, silver, and molybdenum.  The mine’s massive scale is visible from space, showcasing its terraced walls and vast operational area.

The mine has produced over 19 million tons of copper, making it one of the most productive mines globally.  In 2013, a massive landslide halted operations temporarily, highlighting the engineering challenges of maintaining such a vast excavation.  Bingham Canyon remains an icon of mining innovation and a vital source of raw materials for the modern world.

#2: Mirny Diamond Mine – 3,900 feet wide and 1,722 feet deep

The Mirny Diamond Mine, located in eastern Siberia, Russia, is a colossal open-pit diamond mine measuring 3,900 feet in width and 1,722 feet in depth.  Discovered in the 1950s, it was the first diamond mine in the Soviet Union and played a critical role in boosting the region’s economy.

Mirny’s size and location present unique challenges.  The surrounding permafrost requires specialized equipment and techniques to extract the diamonds.  The mine is no longer operational as an open pit but has transitioned to underground mining.  Its striking, funnel-like appearance makes it a popular tourist attraction and a testament to human perseverance in harsh conditions.

#3: Grasberg Mine – 13,000 feet above sea level

The Grasberg Mine in Papua, Indonesia, is one of the largest gold and copper mines in the world.  Located 13,000 feet above sea level, this high-altitude mine boasts rich mineral deposits that have fueled global markets since its discovery in 1936.  Operated by Freeport-McMoRan, it is both an open-pit and underground mine.

Grasberg has been central to economic development in the region but has also faced criticism for environmental and social impacts.  The mine’s immense scale and remote location make it a logistical marvel, with a network of roads, tunnels, and facilities carved into the mountainside.

#4: Chuquicamata Mine – 2,800 feet deep

Located in northern Chile, the Chuquicamata Mine is one of the largest open-pit copper mines in the world, measuring 2,800 feet in depth.  It has been a cornerstone of Chile’s economy for over a century, producing millions of tons of copper that power global industries.

The mine is surrounded by the Atacama Desert, adding to the difficulty of mining in such an arid environment.  Despite the harsh conditions, Chuquicamata continues to thrive, transitioning to underground operations to access deeper reserves.

#5: Oyu Tolgoi – 4.9 billion tons of reserves

The Oyu Tolgoi Mine in Mongolia is a massive copper and gold mining complex with reserves estimated at 4.9 billion tons. Located in the Gobi Desert, this mine is a joint venture between the Mongolian government and Rio Tinto.

Oyu Tolgoi’s significance extends beyond its mineral wealth, representing a key driver of Mongolia’s economy.  Its remote desert location required the construction of extensive infrastructure, including roads, power plants, and water systems.

#6: Kiruna Mine – 4,000 feet deep

The Kiruna Mine in Sweden is the world’s largest underground iron ore mine, reaching depths of 4,000 feet. Operated by LKAB, it has supplied high-grade iron ore since the late 19th century.

Kiruna is notable for its innovative mining techniques and its role in relocating the entire town of Kiruna to accommodate mine expansion.  This ambitious project underscores the mine’s importance to Sweden’s economy and infrastructure.

#7: Carajás Mine – 27 billion tons of reserves

The Carajás Mine in Brazil is the largest iron ore mine in the world, with reserves estimated at 27 billion tons.  Operated by Vale, this mine is a hub of sustainable mining practices, utilizing renewable energy and advanced technology to minimize environmental impact.

Carajás is located in the Amazon rainforest, making environmental stewardship a critical part of its operations.  Its immense production capacity makes it a cornerstone of global iron ore supply.

#8: Diavik Diamond Mine – 12 square miles

Located in Canada’s Northwest Territories, the Diavik Diamond Mine spans 12 square miles and operates in one of the world’s harshest climates.  This open-pit and underground mine produces high-quality diamonds while adhering to strict environmental standards.

The mine is accessible only by ice roads in winter or air year-round, making logistics a challenge.  Despite these difficulties, Diavik has become a model for responsible mining practices.

#9: North Antelope Rochelle Mine – 16 square miles

The North Antelope Rochelle Mine in Wyoming, USA, is the largest coal mine in the world, covering 16 square miles.  This surface mine produces thermal coal used for electricity generation.

The mine’s massive scale and high production efficiency make it a key player in the global energy market.  Its advanced equipment and safety protocols have set industry standards.

#10: Jwaneng Diamond Mine – 960 feet deep

The Jwaneng Diamond Mine in Botswana is one of the richest diamond mines globally, reaching a depth of 960 feet.  Operated by Debswana, it is a major contributor to Botswana’s economy and development.

Jwaneng is renowned for its high-quality diamonds and its commitment to sustainable mining.  Its operations include extensive community support and environmental conservation initiatives.

The world’s largest mines are more than engineering marvels; they are essential to global economies and technological progress.  These immense excavations highlight humanity’s ability to harness natural resources while presenting challenges that require innovation, responsibility, and resilience.  From the copper of Bingham Canyon to the diamonds of Jwaneng, these mines remind us of the treasures hidden beneath the Earth’s surface and the ingenuity required to extract them.